Background: Previously, absorbable screw and plate systems were widely used in craniosynostosis surgery in Iran, but now, due to the establishment of economic sanctions, the importation of these tools into the country has become difficult. In this study, we compared the short-term complications of cranioplasty surgery in craniosynostosis using absorbable plate screws with absorbable sutures. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 47 patients with a history of craniosynostosis who underwent cranioplasty at Tehran Mofid Hospital, Tehran, Iran from 2018 to 2021 were divided into two groups. For first group (31 patients) we used absorbable plate and screws, and for the second group (16 patients) absorbable sutures (PDS). All operations in both groups were performed by the identical surgical team. Patients followed up for consecutive post-operative examinations in the first and second weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Results: The results did not show any short-term or medium-term complications in either group. No recurrences were observed. In Whittaker classification, 63. 8% were Class I, 29. 8% were Class II, 6. 4% were Class III, and 0% were Class IV. There was no statistically significant relationship between the type of treatment (screw and plate or absorbable suture) and higher Whitaker. There was also no statistically significant relationship between type of craniosynostosis and higher Whittaker. Conclusion: The absorbable sutures can be considered as valuable and costeffective tools in the fixation of bone fragments in craniosynostosis surgeries by surgeons.

Background: ZMC fractures are the second most common trauma of the face. Therefore, their treatment (including methods of fixation) is of clinical significance. Objectives: Due to the lack of studies on many resorbable and non-resorbable fixations of the zygoma, this finite element analysis assessed for the first time displacements and dynamics of the zygoma fixed using three 1-point resorbable and three non-resorbable plates under normal and severe mastication forces. Methods: After creating the3Dmodelof the zygomaandits adjacent bones basedona CTscan of amalepatient, with linear fractures but without severe dislocations, three one-point resorbable and three similar one-point non-resorbable mini-plates were used to fix the zygoma with miniscrews. The zygomaticomaxillary buttress (ZMB), infraorbital rim, and frontozygomatic (FZ) suture were stabilized using L-shaped four-hole, curved five-hole, four-hole miniplates, respectively. The simulated zygoma was subjected to 150N and 750N loads. Minimum and maximum of stresses, strains, displacements, and rotational displacements of the zygoma were measured. Results: All four parameters were much smaller in non-resorbable fixations compared to resorbable ones. In severe maxillary force, the parameters stress, strain, and displacement increase considerably. Among these, FZ might cause smaller displacements. Resorbable plates might not be optimum choices for one-point fixation of cases with the heavy mastication loads.

Background: Given that zygoma fractures are the second most common facial trauma, knowledge of their treatments is of clinical value. Among these are fixation methods, which despite their importance are neglected in many aspects. Objectives: Therefore, for the first time in the literature, the present finite element analysis evaluated displacements and dynamics of the zygoma fixed using four 2-and 3-point resorbable and four non-resorbable plates under normal and maximal mastication loads. Methods: A maxillofacial CT scan of a man with linear fractures without severe displacements was used to model the zygoma and its adjacent bones. Seven combinations of resorbable and seven combinations of non-resorbable mini-plates 2mm thick were fixed on the zygoma (orbital rim, zygomaticomaxillary buttress [ZMB], and frontozygomatic [FZ]) using 6mm miniscrews. ZMB was fixed using an L-shaped 4-hole plate. The infraorbital rim was fixed with a curved 5-hole miniplate. The FZ suture area was fixed with a 4-hole miniplate. The model underwent 150N and 750N loads. Minimum and maximum displacements, rotational displacements, stresses, and strains of the zygoma models were calculated. Results: Non-resorbable fixation methods can yield much smaller stresses, strains, and displacements compared to resorbable fixations. Also the parameters were much smaller under the 150N load compared to the 750N load. The worst results belonged to the fixation of Rim and ZMB and the best results belonged to the fixation of ZMB-Rim, and especially FZ-ZMB, Rim-FZ, and FZ-ZMB-Rim. Conclusions: In patients with heavy masticatory forces, it is not recommended to use resorbable platesZygomatic fractures are the second most common facial injury, knowledge of their management is important. However, fixations methods, which are of importance are variable.

Artificial bone materials were synthesized using the "solvent casting method" using polylactide/hydroxyapatite and various organic-inorganic modifiers. The physicochemical properties of the materials were studied using modern methods. IR spectroscopy showed that interactions between polymer macromolecules and hydroxyapatite occurred. When the powder was studied by the X-ray diffraction method, it was found to have an average crystallinity of 50-60%. When the textural properties were examined using SEM analysis, it was found that the introduction of magnesium phosphate into the samples resulted in the formation of porous particles with dimensions of 100-250 µm. This in turn, leads to the improvement of metabolic processes when the samples are introduced into living tissues. When the microhardness was determined by the Vickers method, it was found to be close to the hardness of natural bone, i. e. 27-34 HV. In vitro resorption was also performed in Simulated Body Fluids (SBF). Non-toxicity was observed when cytotoxic properties were studied. When the resorption process was studied in vivo in the upper third of the femur of rabbits, it was found that the ossification process of the samples was satisfactory after 28 days.